Salvation Through Grace, Not Works - Jewish Jesus-followers who still identify as Pharisees claim Gentiles must be circumcised and follow the Mosaic law. Those who have evangelized Gentiles, like Paul and Barnabas, disagree. Peter, who was first to watch the Holy Spirit fall on un-baptized, un-circumcised Gentiles, says his piece: Gentiles and Jews are saved through grace, not works. When negotiations fail, a delegation travels to Jerusalem to request clarification from Jesus' closest students. The leadership in Jerusalem agree with Paul and Barnabas

What does Acts 15:10 mean?

"Now, therefore, why are you putting God to the test by placing a yoke on the neck of the disciples that neither our fathers nor we have been able to bear?" - Acts 15:10 ESV

Peter is speaking to a council of apostles and elders of the Jerusalem church.

They are discussing whether Gentiles need to be circumcised and follow the Mosaic law. 

In other words, does a person need to become a proselyte to Judaism before they can receive salvation from Jesus? 

Peter has reminded the group that he witnessed the Holy Spirit indwell a house filled with Gentiles. 

Some of those Gentiles had worshiped the Jewish God, but none were converts to Judaism (Acts 15:1–9).

The issue has come about because of a disagreement between Paul and Barnabas and Jewish Christians of the sect of the Pharisees. 

Pharisees not only enforced the Mosaic law, but also added to it. 

Jesus said, "They tie up heavy burdens, hard to bear, and lay them on people's shoulders, but they themselves are not willing to move them with their finger" - (Matthew 23:4).

In contrast, Jesus said, "Come to me, all who labor and are heavy laden, and I will give you rest. Take my yoke upon you, and learn from me, for I am gentle and lowly in heart, and you will find rest for your souls. For my yoke is easy, and my burden is light" - (Matthew 11:28–30).

If the Gentiles take on circumcision, it will be a sign that they are under the Mosaic law, and they expect to be saved by following it (Galatians 5:1–6). 

Peter points out that even Jews can't perfectly follow the Law — how could Gentiles? 

Peter finishes by reminding the leaders and the Pharisees that Jews and Gentiles are saved only "through the grace of the Lord Jesus" - (Acts 15:11).

Context Summary

Acts 15:6–11 is Peter's address to a council, gathered to determine if Gentile Jesus-followers must convert to Judaism. 

Jewish Jesus-followers who still identify as Pharisees claim Gentiles must be circumcised and follow the Mosaic law (Acts 15:5). 

Those who have evangelized Gentiles, like Paul and Barnabas, disagree (Acts 15:2). 

Now Peter, who was first to watch the Holy Spirit fall on un-baptized, un-circumcised Gentiles (Acts 10:44), says his piece: Gentiles and Jews are saved through grace, not works.

Chapter Summary

Paul and Barnabas are in Syrian Antioch, home from their first missionary journey. 

Legalistic Christians from Jerusalem arrive and insist Gentiles must convert to Judaism. 

When negotiations fail, a delegation travels to Jerusalem to request clarification from Jesus' closest students. 

The leadership in Jerusalem agree with Paul and Barnabas.

They write a letter that Gentiles should only make concessions, mostly dietary, which will ensure unity with the Jews in their congregation.

After delivering the letter to Antioch, Paul takes Silas and Barnabas takes John Mark to share the letter to other churches they have planted.

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